Raffaella Carrà

Raffaella Maria Roberta Pelloni (18 June 1943 – 5 July 2021), known professionally as Raffaella Carrà (Italian: [raffaˈɛlla karˈra]) and sometimes mononymously as Raffaella, was an Italian singer, dancer, actress, television presenter and model. Widely considered a pop culture icon in Europe and Latin America, between the 1970s and 1980s she became a pioneer of feminism in the music and television industries, as well as a music icon, an LGBT icon and an icon of fashion and design.

Carrà released 25 studio albums in 37 countries, particularly in Europe and Latin America, selling over 60 million records worldwide, including "A far l'amore comincia tu", "Fiesta", "Forte forte forte", "Pedro", "Tanti auguri" and "Tuca tuca", singing in Italian, Spanish, English and French.

After an acting debut in Italy, Carrà signed a deal with 20th Century Fox in Hollywood, also starring in French and Spanish films, working with Mario Monicelli, Marcello Mastroianni, Frank Sinatra, Edward Mulhare, Trevor Howard, Jean Marais and James Coburn. She then became a successful TV host and personality in Italy, Spain and Argentina, receiving several awards including 12 Telegatto and two TP de Oro.

In 2021, Carrà was posthumously honored with the Sorriso Diverso Venezia Award at the 78th Venice International Film Festival for her contributions to Italian music and show business.

Raffaella Pelloni was born on 18 June 1943 in Bologna to Raffaele Pelloni (1912–1996) and Angela Iris Dell'Utri (of Sicilian ancestry; 1923–1987), and had a younger brother named Vincenzo "Enzo" (1945–2001). Her parents, however, separated shortly after the wedding and Pelloni spent most of her childhood between her mother's bar and the ice cream shop in Bellaria – Igea Marina. At the latter establishment, she grew up watching the television programme Il Musichiere, learning by heart titles, ballets, and refrains of the songs.

When she was only eight years old, she left the Romagna coast to continue her studies directly in Rome at the National Academy of Dance. At the age of 14 she dropped out of ballet classes. In 1952 she began her studies at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia until she graduated in 1960.

At the age of 9, while walking with her mother in Rome and through a family friend, Pelloni met the director Mario Bonnard who cast her in his film Torment of the Past, in which she played the character of Graziella.

Pelloni made her debut as a recognized actress in 1960 in the film Long Night in 1943. That same year she worked in the French film La chance et l'amour with Michel Piccoli. She then appeared in many Italian peplum films, including Fury of the Pagans (1960), Atlas in the Land of the Cyclops (1961), Mole Men Against the Son of Hercules (1961), Ulysses Against the Son of Hercules (1962), Pontius Pilate (1962) and Caesar the Conqueror (1962), as well as comedies and action films such as 5 marines per 100 ragazze (1961), The Terrorist (1963), The Organizer (1963), and La Celestina P... R... (1965).

In the mid-1960s the director Dante Guardamagna gave Pelloni the pseudonym Carrà; fond of painting, he combined her real name, Raffaella, which reminded him of the painter Raphael Sanzio, with the surname of the painter Carlo Carrà.

In 1965, Carrà moved to Hollywood after signing a contract with 20th Century Fox and following in the footsteps of her fellow artists Gina Lollobrigida, Sophia Loren and Virna Lisi, Carrà appeared in the film Von Ryan's Express alongside Frank Sinatra, Edward Mulhare and Trevor Howard. In 1966, she guest starred in an episode of the American television series I Spy with Bill Cosby and Robert Culp. Feeling homesick and not liking life in Los Angeles, she decided to return to Italy that same year where she starred in several Italian and French films such as The Saint Lies in Wait (1966), the Our Man Flint parody Il vostro super agente Flit (1966), Why Did I Ever Say Yes Twice? (1969), and Cran d'arrêt (1970), as well as a few television shows.

On 3 March 1967, Carrà was broadcast on the National Programme Tutto per bene, a TV adaptation of the novel of the same name by Luigi Pirandello.

In 1970 Carrà participated as a guest actress in the programme Io, Agata e tu together with Nino Ferrer. Shortly after, Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI) hired her to present Canzonissima 70, a Saturday night show in which she was also an actress and dancer. She also presented Canzonissima 71 and Canzonissima 74 in which she released her hit single "Ma che musica Maestro" which sold 200,000 - 250,000 copies in Italy. In 1971, she participated alongside Georges Descrières in the French-produced television series Arsenio Lupin, starring in the episode entitled La donna dai due sorrisi.

In 1974 she hosted on Rai Milleluci together with singer Mina Mazzini.

After her success on the Italian market, in 1975 Carrà made her first appearance in Spain on Televisión Española (TVE) when she performed in the variety show ¡Señoras y señores!; she subsequently released a compilation album with Spanish versions of her songs. In 1976, TVE hired her to host four episodes of the variety show La hora de....

During these years Carrà concentrated more on her singing career, achieving success in countries including Spain, Germany, France, Holland, Belgium, the UK, Greece, and in particular Latin American countries. One of her most resounding successes was the song A far l'amore comincia tu, the English version of which reached ninth place in the UK Singles Chart, besides obtaining several gold and platinum records worldwide.

In 1976 Carrà recorded the album Forte forte forte, which was released in 36 countries around the world, earning her a Gold certification in Canada. The album was followed up in 1977 with Fiesta, which features Eurodisco songs; the title track has been described as "symbol" of the soubrette.

In 1980 she starred in the film Bárbara, shot in Argentina and distributed for the South American market and which was her last feature film as a leading actress. That same year she recorded the album Mi spendo tutto which features the song "Pedro", one of her biggest hits.

In 1981 she presented Millemilioni, which was the first experiment in international television cooperation: five specials, each filmed in a different capital: Buenos Aires, Mexico City, London, Rome and Moscow.

In 1982 she presented Fantastico 3 alongside Corrado, and sang the opening theme song, "Ballo ballo", a song that would be the focus of some controversy, as accused by some of plagiarising "Eleanor Rigby" by the Beatles.

Riding the wave of the success of Fantastico, the album Raffaella Carrà 82 was released; it was arranged and composed, among others, by Franco Bracardi and Danilo Vaona, and written by Gianni Boncompagni, Gianni Belfiore, and Giancarlo Magalli. Later that year, Carrà appeared as the guest of honour at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival in Chile.

In February 1983, she was also a guest at the Sanremo Music Festival 1983. "Soli sulla luna" and "Ahi" written by Valsiglio - Pace – Depsa, are songs recorded specifically for the occasion, recorded – "in a hurry" – as stated by the same singer.

Once the experience at Fininvest was over, Carrà hosted the new programme Weekend of Rafaella in which she appeared with a new mature look abandoning tights and bodysuits. The programme had a sequel entitled Ricomincio da due.

In early January 1990, Carrà returned to Rai to host her new show Raffaella Venerdì, Sabato e Domenica... E saranno famosi.

In June 1990, she co-hosted alongside Gigi Sabani, Ricardo Fernández Deu and Miriam Díaz Aroca, Cuando calienta el sol, a two-part Rai and TVE jointly produced variety show aired live from Saint-Vincent in Italy and Tossa de Mar in Spain and broadcast simultaneously to both countries.

In May 1991, she presented the Telegatto awards with Corrado.

Together with Johnny Dorelli, in 1991, she hosted the Saturday night show Fantastico 12 on Rai 1, which, despite controversy caused by Roberto Benigni's overly sexual antics, obtained ratings below expectations.

In 2000 she presented the Gran Premio Internazionale dello Spettacolo with Paolo Bonolis.

The following year, alongside Piero Chiambretti, Enrico Papi, Megan Gale and Massimo Ceccherini, she hosted the 51st edition of the Sanremo Music Festival, which did not see a great amount of success. Carrà herself acknowledged that she was wrong to opt for a format that was more musical than television. After a break of about a year, Carrà returned to prime time on Rai 1 with the fourth edition of Carràmba! Che sorpresa. In 2004 she hosted the programme Sogni.

On 19 December 2004 she co-hosted with Ramón García and Loles León the nine-hours telethon Contigo on TVE. On 24 October 2005, she was invited to Diego Maradona's programme La Noche del 10 together with Robbie Williams. In the spring of 2006, Carrà hosted on Rai Amore, a replica of TVE's Contigo. It was dedicated to long-distance adoptions and it achieved nearly 150,000 adoptions.

Also in 2006, the actor Fabio Canino, assisted by Roberto Mancinelli, dedicated her a book named Raffabook. Più che un libro uno show del sabato sera. Around the same time, Tiziano Ferro published in the album Nessuno è solo the song E Raffaella è mia, dedicated to Carrà, who participated in the videoclip of the song, while the Spanish singer Roser recorded the album Raffaella, a tribute with Carrà's greatest hits sung in Spanish. In December 2006 she appeared at the gala for TVE's 50th Anniversary.

On 30 November 2007 Raffica was released, two CDs and a DVD which collated all the theme songs sung and danced by Raffaella throughout her career.

In 2010 she duetted with Renato Zero on the song Triangolo from his album Sei Zero. The two also shared the stage at Zero's concert, on 5 October of the same year.

In 2011, after 13 years of absence, Italy returned to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest, and Rai chose Carrà to host and comment from Italy on the final night of the event, as well as present the votes awarded by the jury and televoting. In the summer of 2011 French DJ Bob Sinclar remixed her classic song A far l'amore comincia tu, which was retitled Far l'amore. This remix was later included by Paolo Sorrentino in the soundtrack of his Academy awarded film The Great Beauty.

Later, together with Neri Marcorè, she starred in various TIM commercials, playing Queen Isabella I of Castile. In October 2011, for the fourth consecutive year, she was once again the producer of the Rai 3 television programme Il Gran Concerto, hosted by Alessandro Greco.

In June 2012 she participated in the Concerto per l'Emilia in support of the people affected by the earthquake of 20 and 29 May 2012, in which she sang one of her hits, Rumore.

In January 2013, Carrà was meant to return, after ten years, to host the Saturday night show on Rai 1, but the programme, provisionally titled Auditorium was later cancelled. In February 2013 she became one of the coaches, along with Noemi, Piero Pelù and Riccardo Cocciante, in the programme The Voice of Italy on Rai 2.

On 2 October 2020, the musical film Explota Explota (My Heart Goes Boom!), directed by Uruguayan Nacho Álvarez, was released in Spanish cinemas. In the film, based on Carrà's songs, she appears for a cameo. The film was nominated for three Goya Awards and three Feroz Awards. Since 25 January 2021, it has been available in the Italian version (with the title Ballo Ballo) on the Amazon Prime digital platform.

On 5 July 2021, after Carrà's death, RAI director Stefano Coletta revealed on television that there were plans to ask Carrà to present the Sanremo Festival 2022 and the Eurovision Song Contest 2022, which was set to be hosted in Italy. A three-episode docuseries about Carrà, titled Raffa, was released in 2023.

Carrà had a ten-year relationship with the television and radio presenter Gianni Boncompagni who was also the lyricist of her greatest musical hits. She later met Sergio Japino, who was 9 years younger than her and at that time was the choreographer in two of her programmes: Pronto, Raffaella? and Fantastico 3. Although they separated in the 1990s, they maintained a good personal and professional relationship to such an extent that it was he who announced Carrà's death in 2021. Previously, she had other romantic relationships with singer Little Tony whom she met in 1961 during the filming of the movie 5 marines per 100 ragazze, with Juventus footballer Gino Stacchini (which lasted eight years) and was also courted by Frank Sinatra, with whom she shared the set of the film Von Ryan's Express in 1965, but she rejected his flirting.

Carrà never married, stating that she "did not believe" in marriage. She did not have children, although she wanted to; when she tried to have children, her doctor told her that she would not be able to. Instead, she decided to adopt several children from around the world from a distance.

Vogue España defined the artist an "intergenerational phenomenon, social and cultural in scope, destined to be remembered forever", while The Guardian considered her the "pop star who taught Europe the joy of sex" in Catholic bigotry. Rockol described Carrà as "a figure that has gradually become a pagan idol, scandalous and desired, capable of sending coded messages to queer people in Italy and at the same time consoling and keeping housewives company while they prepare lunch."

Throughout her career, Carrà's performance and work ethic have been compared to Donna Summer, Barbara Walters and Ann-Margret.

On 13 November 1971, while hosting Canzonissima, Carrà performed her new single "Tuca tuca" wearing a top which showed her navel; she was the first woman to show it on Italian public television, at a time in which it was unusual for women to show their bodies. This event caused controversy in the conservative TV network RAI and was called "too provocative" by the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano.

In Spanish television, Carrà is considered among the pioneers of freedom of expression after the Franco dictatorship, as the artist appeared on television schedules in 1976, a year after Francisco Franco's death.

Carrà was a strong supporter of LGBTQ+ rights. She was awarded a "gay icon" award at the 2017 World Pride Madrid.

Carrà revealed in a 1977 interview that she was a communist. She said: "I always vote communist. On a struggle between workers and businessmen, I'll always be on the workers' side."

Carrà's style and stage presence were praised by liberal critics in the 70s and 80s, becoming a fashion icon over the years. The distinctive feature that made Carrà iconic was her platinum bob cut.

Vogue Espana defined Carrà's outfits as "visionary" and "controlled transgression" by the time she wore them, as a "new expressive shapes that were openly opposed to the established canons of patriarchal rulership, in a heretofore unthinkable kind of cathodic empowerment".

With Mina and Patty Pravo, Carrà is considered one of the pioneers of camp style, being cited at The Anna Wintour Costume Center, wing of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, during the spring 2019 exhibition by Gucci's Alessandro Michele.

Dame of the Order of Civil Merit, Spain (1985)

Medal of the Order of Civil Merit, Spain (2018)